President Donald Trump has dropped his bid to elevate Arkansas federal judge Lee Rudofsky to the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, replacing him with Arkansas Supreme Court Justice J. Cody Hiland in a last-minute scramble to fill the seat before Democrats take control of the Senate in January. The White House announced the switch on Tuesday, November 11, 2026, after Arkansas's two Republican senators made clear they would not support Rudofsky — a rare home-state revolt that left the nominee with no realistic path to confirmation before the new Congress is seated.

Key Points

• Trump rescinded Lee Rudofsky's nomination to the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and named Arkansas Supreme Court Justice J. Cody Hiland in his place.
• Arkansas Republican Senators John Boozman and Tom Cotton favoured another candidate, leaving Rudofsky without the home-state backing nominees need.
• Rudofsky conceded that "without the support of my home-state senators, confirmation is simply not a practical possibility in today's Senate."
• The White House is racing to confirm judges before Democrats, who won at least 54 Senate seats on November 3, take control in January.
• If Hiland is confirmed, Republican presidents will have appointed 10 of the 8th Circuit's 11 active judges — six by Trump himself.

What Happened

The White House said on Tuesday that Trump had rescinded Rudofsky's nomination to the St. Louis-based appeals court and would instead nominate Hiland, who has served on Arkansas's top state court since 2023. The announcement came just weeks after the November 3 midterm elections, in which Democrats won at least 54 Senate seats, flipping control of the chamber from January.

Trump first chose Rudofsky for the seat in August, when a vacancy opened. The president had appointed him as a federal district judge in Little Rock in 2019, and prominent conservative lawyers backed his elevation.

But Rudofsky's prospects dimmed quickly after the election, when reports emerged that Boozman and Cotton favoured someone else for the Arkansas seat — and in the Senate, a nominee who lacks both home-state senators' support rarely advances.

The dispute burst into public view on Friday, when Mike Davis, a Trump ally who leads the conservative legal group Article III Project, accused the two senators of committing an "unforgivable sin" by jeopardising the seat. By Tuesday, the White House had moved on; neither Hiland nor the senators responded to requests for comment.

Background and Context

The 8th Circuit is one of the most consequential federal appeals courts in the country, hearing appeals from federal courts in Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota, where its rulings shape election law, abortion regulation and federal agency power. Federal appeals courts have been central to election litigation this month, as the Ninth Circuit's overnight reversal on an election-worker protection order showed.

The court already leans heavily Republican. If Trump secures one more appointee, 10 of its 11 active judges will have been appointed by Republican presidents — six by Trump himself — a majority that could define the court for a generation, since federal judges serve for life.

That is why the White House is racing the calendar. With Democrats set to take the Senate in January, the lame-duck session is the last window for Trump's nominees to be confirmed by a Republican majority; any vacancy left unfilled is likely to stay open, or be filled by a Democratic president's pick.

The Trump Judicial Nominee Swap and the Race Against the Clock

Rather than fight for a nominee his own party's senators would not support, Trump cut his losses and put forward a candidate Boozman and Cotton can rally behind.

Hiland is no stranger to the process. At an August event at an Arkansas law school, he said he had expected the appeals court nomination but was instead offered a federal district judgeship. "And so, being belligerent at times, I said no," Hiland told the crowd, according to a video of the event. "That is not a position that I'm interested in."

Three months later, the appeals court seat he wanted is his — if the Senate moves in time. The question is whether the Judiciary Committee can hold a hearing, vote and send Hiland to the floor before the new Congress takes over in January.

Reactions and Quotes

Rudofsky accepted the decision with grace, saying he would "be forever grateful to President Trump for the honor of his nomination," and adding that "the reality is that, without the support of my home-state senators, confirmation is simply not a practical possibility in today's Senate."

His words underlined a long-standing Senate custom: nominees traditionally need the support of both senators from their home state, and when that support is withheld, a nomination usually stalls.

The White House did not explain why it had originally chosen Rudofsky over Hiland, and neither senator has publicly explained their preference. Davis's attack drew attention to the split, but other Trump allies have stayed quiet.

Why It Matters

The 8th Circuit matters far beyond the seven states it covers. Its judges decide cases on voting rules, abortion, gun rights and the scope of federal power, and the Supreme Court takes only a small fraction of appeals, leaving most circuit decisions as the final word.

A court with 10 Republican-appointed judges out of 11 would be among the most conservative in the country, and six Trump appointees would give the president a lasting imprint on the law long after he leaves office. That is the prize the White House is chasing. The stakes are similar in the courts that handled this month's election disputes: the Ninth Circuit voted 6-5 to lift an election-worker shield on Election Day. With the Senate about to change hands — John Thune was just reelected as Senate Republican leader after the midterm losses — the party's lame-duck unity is already fraying.

What Happens Next

Hiland's nomination now goes to the Senate Judiciary Committee, which must hold a hearing and vote before his name can reach the Senate floor. With only weeks left in the lame-duck session, any delay could push the vote past January, when Democrats take over.

If the Senate does not act in time, the seat stays open and the choice falls to the new majority. For Rudofsky, the setback is not a demotion: he remains a federal district judge in Little Rock, the post Trump gave him in 2019.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did Trump replace Lee Rudofsky as his 8th Circuit nominee?
Arkansas's Republican senators, John Boozman and Tom Cotton, favoured another candidate and would not support him, leaving confirmation out of reach.

Who is J. Cody Hiland?
An Arkansas Supreme Court justice since 2023, nominated by Trump to fill the vacancy after Rudofsky's nomination was withdrawn.

What does the 8th Circuit cover?
Appeals from federal courts in Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota.

Why is the timing so urgent?
Democrats won at least 54 Senate seats on November 3 and take control in January, when Trump's nominees will face a Democratic majority.

Does Rudofsky lose his judgeship?
No. He remains a U.S. district judge in Little Rock; only his elevation to the appeals court was withdrawn.